Why Berlin
The metropolis for nearly everything. A personal, yet data-backed positive analysis of Berlin as a city for living and working.
TL;DR
Diversity: a lot of character with its diversity in its people and districts, attracting new international and young people
Science and Business: leader in research with renowned universities and centre for business, making it the most innovative city in Germany
Startup Hotspot: most popular startup hub in Europe, frequently found in the top 10 globally
Public Spaces: an abundance of green spaces, rivers, lakes, and cultural centres
Central Location: in the heart of Europe, in reach of most European capitals within a two-hour flight window
Relevance: international relevance and testing ground for the future
Quality of Life: one of the most liveable cities worldwide with excellent healthcare, prospects for the future, public transport, opportunities galore, and a high “interest-density”, whilst still being quite affordable
Diversity
Freedom, diversity, and internationality are common characteristics associated with Berlin. 1 “People from nearly 200 nations live and work in [the city], and appreciate it’s diverse and accepting lifestyle.” 2 Around 35% of the nearly 4 million inhabitants have international roots. Moreover, in the district with the highest proportion, more than half the population has a migration background. 3 When walking through the city, you will notice the diversity of languages being spoken. In many areas and businesses, the common language is often English, not German. 4 This internationality is also openly celebrated, as “Berlin’s biggest festivals include the Karneval der Kulturen, a celebration of 180 nationalities; Christopher Street Day, celebrating LGBTQI+ pride; and the African Food Festival.” 5 Even on an administrative level, the city is pushing for diversity. In 2020, Berlin was the first German municipality to pass an anti-discrimination law to address and eradicate systemic racism. 6 Initially, it was also the only federal state in which Women's Day is recognised as a public holiday. 7
Its diversity is not just shown through its people but also in the fabric of the city itself, the architecture. Berlin has 12 districts, divided into 96 localities, which are then divided even further into 434 of the famous Kieze. 8 “Each [one] is like its own little city within Berlin, varying in character – from urban and hip to refined and sophisticated.” 9 Altogether, from the highest amount of high-rise buildings in Germany, 10 old industrial areas that have become thriving cultural centres, 11 beautiful Paris-like facades, rivers and bridges like Hamburg or canals like Venice, 12 to “endless green landscapes, rivers and bathing lakes” 13 – Berlin does seem to cover it all.
Furthermore, although 700+ years old, 14 the city may feel quite young. It has the highest absolute amount of students in Germany. 15 This is for a reason – according to the popular QS Best Student Cities Ranking, Berlin has the best student experience worldwide (based on a survey with around 95,000 students).16 Generally, it is often considered to be one of the world’s foremost student cities, with the third highest concentration of top 200 universities globally. 17 In addition to aspects mentioned in this article, impressions like being the vegan capital of the world, 18 the best overall city for millennials worldwide, 19 or simply being home to some of the world’s greatest clubs and nightlife 20 might help foster this attraction to younger people.
Science and Business
Berlin is “one of the largest and most diverse centres for science and research in Europe.” This is largely due to around 40+ universities and 70+ non-university research facilities that are based in the city. 21
Renowned universities situated in Berlin include:
Humboldt University of Berlin – whose alumni and faculty include 57 Nobel Prize laureates (among them Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, and Max Planck – most recently Emmanuelle Charpentier for CRISPR/Cas9), by far the most of any German university, 22
Charité – the largest medical faculty 23 and best hospital in Europe, 24
Technical University of Berlin – the best German university for architecture 25 and among the best in Europe for computer science and other engineering disciplines, 26
Free University of Berlin – one of the German universities of excellence since 2007 27 and home to one of Europes best political science programs 28,
Berlin University of the Arts – one of the biggest and most diversified universities of the arts worldwide 29 and the best in Germany, 30
and ESMT Berlin – one of the most prestigious business schools in Europe and also the best in Germany. 31
Additionally, Berlin is also home to the headquarters of many world-class non-university research facilities, including the Helmholtz Association, the largest scientific organisation in Germany 32 with the 7th highest research output worldwide, 33 and the Robert Koch Institute, “one of the most important bodies for the safeguarding of public health in Germany”. 34
Combined, these facilities help push Berlin into a position of being considered the most innovative city in Germany, among the most innovative in Europe and even the world. 35
Deep cooperation between these research institutes and companies, as enabled through places like Adlershof, “Germany‘s largest science and technology park”, 36 help make modern Berlin excel in the business world as well. “Both the increase in gross domestic product and the number of people in employment have been above the national average for years.” 37
In many domains, the city is at the national, even international forefront. For instance, Berlin dominates in the healthcare industry, ranking 3rd worldwide. 38 Additionally, it is considered to be Germany's AI capital (especially as the leading AI research location and main startup hub),39 and, according to the head of Sony Music Entertainment, the city is also “the cultural and creative epicenter of Germany” 40 (the area is even home to the world’s oldest and one of Europe’s largest film studios, Studio Babelsberg). 41 More generally, it has just recently been called "the fastest-growing tech hub in Europe" by Rainer Zugehör, the Chief People Officer of CARIAD (the automotive software brand of Volkswagen AG). 42
Berlin is now home to around 150,000 companies.43 Among them are DAX-listed companies, like Siemens and Delivery Hero 44 and other international companies with general or regional headquarters in the city, 45 such as:
Axel Springer – Europe's largest digital publisher, 46
Pfizer – the pharmaceutical giant, 47
Springer Nature Group – the academic publishing company behind some of the world's most-read and most prestigious academic journals, 48
Pentagram – the world's largest independent design consultancy, 49
Tesla Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg – the electric vehicle giants “most advanced, sustainable and efficient facility yet”, 50
and N26 – the once highest valued start-up in Germany. 51
Startup Hotspot
For years Berlin has also been recognized as a major centre for startups and is widely considered to be the startup hub in Germany – generally by a wide margin. 52 This holds true even when considering non-conventional metrics of success: with the highest share of female founders in large cities in Germany (and the third highest in Europe), Berlin is also leading in diversity and inclusivity. 53 In many overall rankings of European startup cities, Berlin is surpassed only by London. 54 However, according to the Start-up Heatmap, it now has the highest popularity score in Europe, beating “the UK capital […] for the 2nd year in a row”. 55 Berlin is frequently found in the top 10 globally as well. 56
Nonetheless, the city’s ecosystem is not slowing down. In 2021 Berlin has reached a new height with startup investments of around 10 billion (more than the rest of Germany combined), 57 putting it among the top 10 locations for financing worldwide. 58 Additionally, with the Berlin-based delivery service Gorillas raising 861 million, 2021 also saw Germany’s largest transaction to date. 59 Alongside Gorillas, which has now reached unicorn status in less than a year 60 (faster than any German startup to date), 61 Flink, Enpal, Contentful, sennder, Mambu, and Forto have also reached valuations of above one billion U.S. dollars in the same year. 62 Therefore, the number of Berlin-based unicorns has now grown to include the city in the global top 10, making up significantly more than half of all German unicorns. 63 In terms of the actual worth of these investments, “taking the median cost of a senior developer as a baseline”, Berlin founders, as of 2022, also even enjoy the highest purchasing power in Europe. 64
All in all, according to the 2022 study of PwC, 81% of founders rate the startup ecosystem in Berlin as (very) good, easily representing the highest approval rate in all of Germany. 65
Public Spaces
"About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes." 66 This makes Berlin one of the greenest and most sustainable large cities in Europe. 67 Especially notable are the Tempelhofer Feld, the world's largest inner-city open space, as well as the Großer Tiergarten, Berlin’s largest urban park. The latter itself spans an area of 210 hectares, 68 the size of the Principality of Monaco. 69 Overall, Berlin’s topography is generally marked by its many parks and green spaces, as well as lakes and rivers, like the river Spree, which flows through the whole city, from east to west. "A total of 979 bridges cross 197 km of inner-city waterways [...] run through Berlin". 70 These waterways make it possible to also explore the city and even visit Hamburg by boat. 71 Moreover, together with the surrounding state of Brandenburg, the region actually forms Europe’s largest network of inland waterways. 72 In general, the city feels quite breathable and widespread, spanning an area of around 900 square kilometres. This makes Berlin the largest city in Germany. 73
Due to its rich and complicated history, Berlin is often considered to have multiple city centres. More specifically, this is because of the previous division 74 and likely also due to the fact that the city was originally made up of many smaller entities. 75 This history is captured in wide parts in the many world-class museums. Likely most known, the Museum Island, is “one of the significant and most impressive ensembles in the world” and itself consists of five internationally significant museums. 76 Berlin is also home to the most-visited and biggest zoo in Europe, and one of the most popular worldwide. 77 Berlin Zoological Garden “presents one of the most comprehensive collections of species in the world”. 78 Another notable cultural centre is Berlin’s Philharmonie hall, which “is home to the legendary Berliner Philharmoniker, long ranked among the very best orchestras in the world,” 79 as is one of the leading opera houses, the Staatsoper Unter den Linden. 80
Central Location
"In heart of Europe, Berlin connects West and East and is easily reachable by air, rail or road." 81 Most European countries and capitals can be reached within a two-hour flight window, 82 thanks to the new International airport. 83 Even the sea is just a two-hour drive away, so is Germany’s second-biggest city, Hamburg. 84
Relevance
As the capital of one of the world’s strongest economies, 85 Berlin’s international relevance is evident. This relevance helps attract international and highly-skilled talent, 86 leading companies, and world-class events, such as:
Berlin Marathon – historically home to many of the marathon world records, 87
Berlin International Film Festival – one of the world’s foremost film festivals, next to Venice and Cannes, 88
Berlin Fashion Week – one of the most important fashion weeks in Europe, 89
or IFA Berlin – “Europe’s biggest tech show”. 90
Berlin is also acting as a testing ground for the future with unique urban developments. Among the most recent:
Berlin TXL – an “industrial and research park for urban technologies” with the largest wooden building district in the world, on the grounds of the former Berlin Tegel Airport, 91
AI Campus Berlin – “Europe’s first AI Campus”, 92 “where research, startups and corporates come together and collaborate on Artificial Intelligence”, 93
Siemensstadt 2.0. – “an open, livable and technologically pioneering new quarter”, 94
or simply a near-kilometre-long public swimming pool right in the historic city centre, 95 potentially “the world's longest swimming pool”. 96
Quality of Life
Berlin ranks among the most liveable cities worldwide. 97 It also has a very high Human Development Index (HDI), 98 "a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators" 99, equivalent to the one of Norway, the country with the highest HDI in the world. 100
More specifically, overall healthcare is also excellent. 101 Reachability of primary care hospitals is twice as good as the German average. 102 Berlin is home to the world-renowned Charité, the best hospital in Europe and 5th worldwide. 103 Generally, "no other city [in Germany] offers a comparable variety of hospitals and medical practices with such a broad range of healthcare services." 104 As for general safety, Berlin does not have any “no-go-areas” 105 and in comparison to other capital cities, is considered to be quite safe. 106
In regards to economical safety, the first part of the popular slogan “poor but sexy” may not entirely reflect reality anymore, dating back to 2003. 107 In 2017, Berlin had the third highest amount of income millionaires in Germany. 108 In the following three years that amount increased by more than 65%, 109 a trend that seems to continue. 110 The disposable income of private households is also increasing every year. 111 In general, labour costs (costs paid by employers for one hour of work performed) and gross monthly/ hourly earnings (specifically in the manufacturing and service sectors) are now above the national average, closer to those of western federal states like Baden-Württemberg or Bavaria. 112 Berlin universities currently even pay the highest professors' salaries in all of Germany. 113 The average savings rate is seeing similar developments, now being the fourth highest in the country on a state level. 114 Looking forward, 47% of Berlin's population now has an academic degree, representing the highest amount in all of Germany, being 60% higher than the German average of 29%. 115
According to the Hamburg Institute of International Economics and Berenberg Bank, factors like the above – specifically current economic performance, future demographic developments, and key location factors (such as education, innovation, internationality and accessibility) – lead to Berlin having the best prospects for the future among Germany's 30 largest cities (now having dethroned Munich). 116 Remarkably, this is up from the first city ranking in 2008, where Berlin only managed 24th place. 117
Back to the day-to-day, getting around the city is made easy by the outstanding public transport system. Especially, the tram system is "notable for [being] the third-largest [...] in the world." 118 In general, accessibility of public transport on a state level is the best in Germany, nearing 100%. 119 Despite being the largest city in Germany, with an average commute time of 11 minutes, the reachability of central places is twice as good as the national average. 120 With 1100 kilometres of bike lanes in the city, Berlin may also be considered bike-friendly. "The number of people riding bikes in Berlin is [even still] increasing, currently [...] estimated at about 2.3 million." 121
In general, including choosing your mode of transport (e.g. tram, bike, ferry, car, U-Bahn, S-Bahn, bus), the opportunities this city has to offer are wide-reaching. Be it the around 500 bars, 5,000 restaurants, 122 2,500 parks and green spaces, 123 939 schools, 42 universities, 95 public swimming pools, 84 public libraries, 124 150,000 companies, 125 175 museums, 126 2,500 sports clubs, 127 etc. – there are options galore and a high “interest-density” for every type of person, interest, and need.
Unlike most other cities with a high quality of life, however, Berlin is also still considered to be quite affordable, even "in [a general] comparison to many other major cities across Europe" or Germany. 128
All in all – why does any of this matter? One can be happy and achieve greatness anywhere. However, for a person of aspiration, maximizing the potential to achieve those things can be a reasonable thing to pursue. It has been said that geography may still be an important factor to consider for doing so. Being where things are happening, where many people are - a set of diverse, aspirational, and successful people. Generally being surrounded by the things one aspires for or is interested in. 129
The potential for life in accordance with one’s needs and (small, big, or moonshot) goals is existent, the rest is all about what you make of and with it.
Note: this is a partly biased, 130 non-empirical review. 131 It should give an overview of some elements that may be considered positive and is not trying to be an in-depth, academic analysis.
w.because.berlin. (n.d.). Because Berlin is a Diverse Welcoming City for Everyone. [online] Available at: https://www.because.berlin/why-berlin/diversity [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.businesslocationcenter.de. (n.d.). Berlin: Der Wirtschaftsstandort für Unternehmen und Investoren. [online] Available at: https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/wirtschaftsstandort/berlin-im-ueberblick [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
www.because.berlin. (n.d.). BECAUSE BERLIN | Why Berlin? [online] Available at: https://www.because.berlin/why-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
berlin.de. (n.d.). Berlin international: Migrationsanteil bei 35 Prozent. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/aktuelles/berlin/6092347-958092-berlin-international-migrationsanteil-be.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.because.berlin. (n.d.). BECAUSE BERLIN | Why Berlin? [online] Available at: https://www.because.berlin/why-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.youtube.com. (n.d.). All Things Digital - Why Berlin is NOT the next Silicon Valley. [online] Available at: https://youtube.com/watch?v=9sa111hkKjk&feature=share&utm_source=EKLEiJECCKjOmKnC5IiRIQ&t=94 [Accessed 21 Oct. 2022].
www.because.berlin. (n.d.). Because Berlin is a Diverse Welcoming City for Everyone. [online] Available at: https://www.because.berlin/why-berlin/diversity [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.because.berlin. (n.d.). Because Berlin is a Diverse Welcoming City for Everyone. [online] Available at: https://www.because.berlin/why-berlin/diversity [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Berlin, B.M. - (2023). Frauentag in Berlin am 8. März 2023: Demos am Feiertag im Überblick. [online] www.morgenpost.de. Available at: https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article237311455/frauentag-berlin-2023-feiertag-demos-veranstaltungen.html [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
Mit Vergnügen, Hielscher, M., Jann, W. and Daliah Hoffmann-Konieczka (2022). BERLIN Mit Vergnügen.
Reason-Why.Berlin. (n.d.). Berlin, the Essence of Europe - Combining work & leisure. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/living/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
magazin (n.d.). Top 20: Deutsche Städte mit den meisten Hochhäusern. [online] www.manager-magazin.de. Available at: https://www.manager-magazin.de/lifestyle/wohnen/a-502672.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Neighbourhoods & districts in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/en/neighbourhoods-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Neu-Venedig. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/en/neu-venedig [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Neighbourhoods & districts in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/en/neighbourhoods-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlin.de. (2016). History. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.studis-online.de. (n.d.). Die größten Studentenstädte und Universitäten 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.studis-online.de/hochschulen/hochschulstaedte/studentenstatistik.php#studentenstaedte-absolut [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Top Universities. (n.d.). QS Best Student Cities Rankings 2023. [online] Available at: https://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2023 [Accessed 10 Jul. 2022].
Top Universities. (n.d.). QS Best Student Cities Methodology. [online] Available at: https://www.topuniversities.com/best-student-cities/methodology [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
Times Higher Education (THE). (2018). The best university cities of 2018. [online] Available at: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-university-cities [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
The Vegan Word. (2021). Most Vegan Friendly Cities in the World in 2022. [online] Available at: https://theveganword.com/vegan-friendly-cities/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
LIVEKINDLY. (2017). Why This City Was Ranked The ‘Vegan Capital of the World’ | News. [online] Available at: https://www.livekindly.co/berlin-vegan-capital-of-world/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.nestpick.com. (n.d.). Vegetarian Cities Index | Nestpick. [online] Available at: https://www.nestpick.com/vegetarian-cities-index/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Nestpick.com. (2018). Best Cities for Millennials 2018 | Nestpick World Ranking. [online] Available at: https://www.nestpick.com/millennial-city-ranking-2018/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
DJMag.com. (2021). Top 100 Clubs 2021. [online] Available at: https://djmag.com/top100clubs [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
Time Out Berlin. (n.d.). 17 Best Clubs in Berlin Right Now for an Iconic Night Out. [online] Available at: https://www.timeout.com/berlin/things-to-do/best-clubs-in-berlin [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
berlin.de. (n.d.). Science and innovation. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/en/business-and-economy/economic-center/5613189-4011028-science-and-innovation.en.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Reason-Why.Berlin. (2021). The Humboldt University in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/article/the-humboldt-university-in-berlin/ [Accessed 12 Mar. 2023].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Humboldt University of Berlin. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
NobelPrize.org. (2020). Nobel Laureates and research affiliations. [online] Available at: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/lists/affiliations.php [Accessed 29 Jul. 2022].
berlin.de. (n.d.). Science and innovation. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/en/business-and-economy/economic-center/5613189-4011028-science-and-innovation.en.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Newsweek (2022). World’s Best Hospitals 2022 - Top 250. [online] Newsweek. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/worlds-best-hospitals-2022 [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Berlin, C.-U. (n.d.). FOCUS 2022. [online] www.charite.de. Available at: https://www.charite.de/klinikum/themen_klinikum/focus_2022/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Times Higher Education (THE). (2023). World University Rankings 2023 by subject: clinical and health. [online] Available at: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2023/subject-ranking/clinical-pre-clinical-health# [Accessed 12 Mar. 2023].
Top Universities. (2022.). QS World University Rankings for Architecture & Built Environment 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2022/architecture-built-environment [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Top Universities. (2022). QS World University Rankings for Computer Science and Information Systems 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2022/computer-science-information-systems [Accessed 30 Dec. 2022].
Reintjes, D. (n.d.). Hochschulranking 2022: Alle Ergebnisse zum Uni-Ranking im Überblick. [online] www.wiwo.de. Available at: https://www.wiwo.de/my/erfolg/hochschule/hochschulranking-2022-die-besten-unis-und-fhs-fuer-informatik/28265454-8.html?ticket=ST-885410-3KLJoCGuAeSL5NecvtIt-cas01.example.org [Accessed 30 Dec. 2022].
Research.com. (2022). Klaus-Robert Müller: H-index & Awards - Academic Profile. [online] Available at: https://research.com/u/klaus-robert-muller [Accessed 30 Dec. 2022].
Top Universities. (2022). QS World University Rankings for Engineering & Technology 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2022/engineering-technology [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.n-otes.com. (2022). Die Technische Universität Berlin in Hochschulrankings. [online] Available at: go.noelkbg.com/tub [Accessed 30 Dec. 2022].
www.fu-berlin.de. (2010). Freie Universität Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/index.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Top Universities. (n.d.). QS World University Rankings for Politics 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2022/politics [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2022). Berlin University of the Arts. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Top Universities. (n.d.). QS World University Rankings for Art & Design 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2022/art-design [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2022). European School of Management and Technology. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_School_of_Management_and_Technology [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
rankings.ft.com. (n.d.). European Business School Rankings 2021 - Business school rankings from the Financial Times - FT.com. [online] Available at: https://rankings.ft.com/rankings/2869/european-business-school-rankings-2021 [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2021). Helmholtz Association. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_Association [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.natureindex.com. (n.d.). Institution research output table | Nature Index. [online] Available at: https://www.natureindex.com/institution-outputs/generate/all/global/all [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.rki.de. (n.d.). RKI - Profile. [online] Available at: https://www.rki.de/EN/Content/Institute/Profile/profile_node_en.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Innovation CitiesTM Index -- City Rankings. (2021). World’s Most Innovative Cities 2021: Innovation CitiesTM Index: Top 100. [online] Available at: https://www.innovation-cities.com/worlds-most-innovative-cities-2021-top-100/25477/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Reason-Why.Berlin. (n.d.). Berlin remains number one city in innovation. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/article/berlinremainsgermanysmostinnovativestate/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Leskin, P. (n.d.). The 50 most high-tech cities in the world. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/most-innovative-cities-in-the-world-in-2018-2018-11?op=1#41-portland-oregon-10 [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
NexusAdmistraIntegra (2020). Top 10 Smart Cities Woldwide in 2022. [online] Nexus Integra EN. Available at: https://nexusintegra.io/top-10-smart-cities/ [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
Phillpott, S. (n.d.). The 10 Best Tech Cities in the World. [online] www.careeraddict.com. Available at: https://www.careeraddict.com/best-tech-cities [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
zukunftsorte.berlin (n.d.). Berlin Adlershof. [online] Zukunftsorte Berlin. Available at: https://zukunftsorte.berlin/en/zukunftsorte/berlin-adlershof/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2022].
berlin.de. (n.d.). Economic Development. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/en/business-and-economy/economic-center/5611367-4011028-economic-development.en.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Statista Infographics. (2020). Infographic: Berlin leads in growth. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/chart/23257/berlins-gdp/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2023].
Reason-Why.Berlin. (n.d.). Healthcare Industry Study Puts Berlin in Top 3 Worldwide. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/article/healthcare-industry-study-puts-berlin-in-top-3-worldwide/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Projekt Zukunft. (n.d.). Artificial Intelligence. [online] Available at: https://projektzukunft.berlin.de/en/topics/artificial-intelligence [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
bifold.berlin, (2022). AI research ‘made in Berlin’ – Bifold. [online] Available at: https://bifold.berlin/ai-research-made-in-berlin/ [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
KI Berlin. (2022). Interview with the directors of BIFOLD | Artificial Intelligence in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://ki-berlin.de/en/blog/article/interview-with-prof-dr-volker-markl-and-prof-dr-klaus-robert-mueller-bifold-directors [Accessed 20 Oct. 2022].
Chakravorti, B., Bhalla, A., Chaturvedi, R.S. and Filipovic, C. (2021). 50 Global Hubs for Top AI Talent . [online] Harvard Business Review. Available at: https://hbr.org/2021/12/50-global-hubs-for-top-ai-talent [Accessed 16 Oct. 2022].
Statista Infographics. (2019). Infographic: Berlin is leading Germany in AI startups. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/chart/18831/berlin-is-leading-germany-in-ai-startups/ [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
Netimperative. (2018). Top 10 European cities for AI development - Netimperative. [online] Available at: https://www.netimperative.com/2018/11/16/top-10-european-cities-for-ai-development/ [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
Reason-Why.Berlin. (n.d.). Music in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/article/germanys-most-important-playground/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.youtube.com. (2021). Studio Babelsberg: reel deal. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOvHaAYcrpY [Accessed 1 Feb. 2023].
Studio Babelsberg. (n.d.). Studio Babelsberg AG. [online] Available at: https://www.studiobabelsberg.com/en/ [Accessed 1 Feb. 2023].
www.volkswagenag.com. (2022). Closing the skilled-labor gap together: Volkswagen and CARIAD support the 42 Berlin coding school. [online] Available at: https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/2022/12/volkswagen-and-cariad-support-the-42-berlin-coding-school.html [Accessed 3 Jan. 2023].
cariad.technology. (n.d.). CARIAD – Automotive Software for Volkswagen. [online] Available at: https://cariad.technology/ [Accessed 3 Jan. 2023].
Statista. (n.d.). Unternehmen in Berlin bis 2020. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/592547/umfrage/anzahl-der-unternehmen-in-berlin/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2022). Berlin. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin#Economy [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
wir.berlin. (n.d.). wir.berlin: Industry campaign. [online] Available at: https://wir.berlin/en/campaigns/industry-campaign [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
A German Publisher Is Winning the Internet. (2018). Bloomberg.com. [online] 7 Aug. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-07/axel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider#xj4y7vzkg [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
DNB. Pfizer Pharma GmbH. [online] Available at: https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.pfizer_pharma_gmbh.b129a34e843af12d468aa3c47191699f.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2022). Springer Nature. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Nature [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
pentagram.de. (n.d.). Pentagram Design Berlin. [online] Available at: https://pentagram.de/de/projekte/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Tesla. (n.d.). Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg. [online] Available at: https://www.tesla.com/giga-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Deller, P. (n.d.). German Unicorns. The Most successful start-ups in Germany with the highest valuation. [online] https://centurionlgplus.com/. Available at: https://centurionlgplus.com/german-unicorns/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.ey.com. (n.d.). EY Startup-Barometer 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/de_de/news/2022-pressemitteilungen/01/ey-startup-barometer-2022 [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Reason-Why.Berlin. (2023). The Best Place in Europe to Found a Startup. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/article/the-best-place-in-europe-to-found-a-startup/ [Accessed 25 Jun. 2023].
Business Insider. (2022). Diese 25 Einhörner hat die deutsche Startup-Szene schon hervorgebracht. [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.de/gruenderszene/business/diese-25-einhoerner-hat-die-deutsche-startup-szene-hervorgebracht-d/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Blees, T. (2021). Neue deutsche Gründer- und Innovationsstudie von Gründerszene, KPMG und HTW Berlin - KPMG Deutschland. [online] KPMG. Available at: https://home.kpmg/de/de/home/media/press-releases/2020/12/deutsche-gruender-und-innovationsstudie-von-gruenderszene-kpmg-und-htw-berlin.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
open.spotify.com. (2016). #136: Naval Ravikant on Happiness Hacks and The 5 Chimps Theory (43:30). [online] Available at: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1TCwItjO5uj294IZ7MoZ10?si=5fb243658c4b4ff6 [Accessed 12 Jun. 2023].
Statista. (2022). Leading cities for startups in Germany in 2022, by total score. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1275436/top-cities-for-startups-in-germany/ [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
Anon, (2022). Release Startup Heatmap Europe 2022 | Startup Heatmap Europe. [online] Available at: https://startupsandplaces.com/release-startup-heatmap-europe-2022/ [Accessed 10 Aug. 2022].
Startup Heatmap Europe. (n.d.). Best Startup City. [online] Available at: https://www.startupheatmap.eu/city-search/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Statista. (2022). Europe: main startup cities by investment volume 2016-2021. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/763309/leading-start-up-cities-in-europe-by-number-of-investments/ [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
Statista. (2022). Europe: top cities for startups, by total score 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1274927/top-cities-for-startups-in-europe/ [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
Startup Heatmap Europe. (n.d.). Berlin startups. [online] Available at: https://www.startupheatmap.eu/Berlin/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
StartupBlink, E.D., CEO & Joshua Mitcham, Marketing and Content Manager (2020). Top Startup Ecosystems in 2020: Ranking 1,000 Cities and 100 Countries. [online] Crunchbase. Available at: https://about.crunchbase.com/blog/top-startup-ecosystems-in-2020-ranking-1000-cities-and-100-countries/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Statista. (n.d.). Einhörner - Ranking der Städte mit den meisten Unicorn-Unternehmen weltweit 2021. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1062473/umfrage/ranking-der-staedte-mit-den-meisten-unicorn-unternehmen-weltweit/ [Accessed 29 Jul. 2022].
www.nestpick.com. (n.d.). Best Startup Cities for Employees - 2017 Rankings | Nestpick. [online] Available at: https://www.nestpick.com/best-cities-for-startup-employees/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlin-partner.de. (n.d.). BERLIN: STARTUP REPORT. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin-partner.de/aktuelles/detail/berlin-startup-report [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Genome, S. (n.d.). Startup Genome. [online] Startup Genome. Available at: https://startupgenome.com/ecosystems/berlin [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
www.berlin-partner.de. (n.d.). BERLIN: STARTUP REPORT. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin-partner.de/aktuelles/detail/berlin-startup-report [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Genome, S. (n.d.). Startup Genome. [online] Startup Genome. Available at: https://startupgenome.com/ecosystems/berlin [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
Ksienrzyk, L. (2021). Exklusiv: Gorillas steigt mit 245-Millionen-Runde zum Unicorn auf. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.de/gruenderszene/food/gorillas-tencent-unicorn-c/ [Accessed 29 Jul. 2022].
deutsche-startups.de. (2021). Gründer Kagan Sümer hält weiter 18,9 % am Unicorn Gorillas. [online] Available at: https://www.deutsche-startups.de/2021/05/04/gorillas-captablecheck-unicorn/ [Accessed 29 Jul. 2022].
Gründerszene (2021). Enpal, Flink, Contentful: Die Liste der deutschen Einhörner wird immer länger. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.de/gruenderszene/business/deutschlands-unicorns-2021-c/ [Accessed 28 Jul. 2022].
Statista. (n.d.). Einhörner - Ranking der Städte mit den meisten Unicorn-Unternehmen weltweit 2021. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1062473/umfrage/ranking-der-staedte-mit-den-meisten-unicorn-unternehmen-weltweit/ [Accessed 29 Jul. 2022].
Statista. (n.d.). Unicorns by country 2020. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1096928/number-of-global-unicorns-by-country/ [Accessed 29 Jul. 2022].
Anon, (2022). Release Startup Heatmap Europe 2022 | Startup Heatmap Europe. [online] Available at: https://startupsandplaces.com/release-startup-heatmap-europe-2022/ [Accessed 10 Aug. 2022].
PricewaterhouseCoopers (2022). Deutscher Startup Monitor 2022. [online] PwC. Available at: https://www.pwc.de/de/branchen-und-markte/startups/deutscher-startup-monitor.html [Accessed 26 Dec. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Berlin. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlin.de. (2022). Grünflächeninformationssystem (GRIS). [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/sen/uvk/natur-und-gruen/stadtgruen/gruenflaecheninformationssystem-gris/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
Earth.org. (2021). The World’s 10 Greenest Cities in 2021. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
www.privatetoursberlin.com. (n.d.). Private Tours Berlin | The Greenest City in Europe. [online] Available at: https://www.privatetoursberlin.com/the-greenest-city-in-europe [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
April 22 and 2020 (2020). The World‘s Greenest Cities Are Our Future. [online] Best Cities. Available at: https://www.bestcities.org/news/2020/04/22/the-worlds-greenest-cities/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
about.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Nachhaltigkeit: Berlin auf Platz 5 der Metropolen des „Global Destination Sustainability Index”. [online] Available at: https://about.visitberlin.de/en/press/press-releases/sustainability-gds-index-ranks-berlin-fifth-its-metropolises-category [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
www.t-online.de. (n.d.). Die zehn grünsten Hauptstädte in Europa. [online] Available at: https://www.t-online.de/leben/reisen/europa/id_85100246/die-zehn-gruensten-hauptstaedte-in-europa.html [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
www.zeit.de. (n.d.). ZEIT ONLINE | Entfaltung auf dem Rollfeld [online] Available at: https://www.zeit.de/lebensart/2012-09/lust-auf-stadt-tempelhofer-feld?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Berlin. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Monaco. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Berlin. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Berlin. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
lapatschunger.com. (n.d.). Bodies of Water — Studio Lapatsch|Unger. [online] Available at: https://lapatschunger.com/bodies-of-water [Accessed 27 Nov. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Berlin. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
History.com Editors (2018). Berlin is divided. [online] HISTORY. Available at: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/berlin-is-divided [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Visitberlin.de. (2022). 100 Years of Greater Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/en/events-100-%20years-greater-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Centre, U.W.H. (n.d.). Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin. [online] UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896 [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.tierpark-berlin.de. (n.d.). Zahlen, Daten & Fakten. [online] Available at: https://www.tierpark-berlin.de/de/ueber-uns/zahlen-daten-fakten [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2022). Berlin Zoo. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Zoo [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Philharmonie Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/en/philharmonie-berlin [Accessed 19 Nov. 2022].
www.staatsoper-berlin.de. (n.d.). Unter den Linden | Staatsoper Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.staatsoper-berlin.de/en/staatsoper/unter-den-linden/ [Accessed 13 Dec. 2022].
www.because.berlin. (n.d.). BECAUSE BERLIN | Why Berlin? [online] Available at: https://www.because.berlin/why-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
withinhours.com. (n.d.). 2 hours from Berlin. [online] Available at: https://withinhours.com/2-hours-of-berlin-germany [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Berlin Brandenburg International Airport (BER). (n.d.). Brandenburg, Berlin Airport (BER) | The New Berlin Airport. [online] Available at: https://berlin-airport-brandenburg.com/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Welle (www.dw.com), D. (n.d.). Top 10: Germany’s largest cities | DW | 09.03.2020. [online] DW.COM. Available at: https://www.dw.com/en/top-10-germanys-largest-cities/g-52632011 [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
withinhours.com. (n.d.). 2 hours from Berlin. [online] Available at: https://withinhours.com/2-hours-of-berlin-germany [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Silver, C. (2022). The World’s Top 20 Economies. [online] Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.because.berlin. (n.d.). BECAUSE BERLIN | Why Berlin? [online] Available at: https://www.because.berlin/why-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2021). Berlin Marathon. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Marathon [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2022). Berlin International Film Festival. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival [Accessed 3 Oct. 2022].
Fashionweek.berlin. (2023). Berlin Fashion Week. [online] Available at: https://fashionweek.berlin/ueber-uns.html [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
Wikipedia. (2021). IFA Berlin. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFA_Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlintxl.de. About Berlin TXL. [online] Berlin TXL. Available at: https://www.berlintxl.de/en/about-berlin-txl [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Enorm (2020). Schumacher-Quartier in Berlin: Bald weltgrößtes Holzbauviertel? [online] enorm. Available at: https://enorm-magazin.de/umwelt/klimawandel/halzbauviertel-schumacher-quartier-entsteht-in-berlin [Accessed 1 Jul. 2022].
www.aicampus.berlin. (n.d.). About. [online] Available at: https://www.aicampus.berlin/about [Accessed 1 Jul. 2022].
www.aicampus.berlin. (n.d.). About. [online] Available at: https://www.aicampus.berlin/about [Accessed 1 Jul. 2022].
Siemens - Siemensstadt. (n.d.). Siemensstadt Berlin news. [online] Available at: https://www.siemensstadt.siemens.com/en [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Flussbad Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/en/flussbad-berlin [Accessed 1 Jul. 2022].
New Atlas. (2011). World’s longest swimming pool concept wins the Holcim Gold Award. [online] Available at: https://newatlas.com/worlds-longest-swimming-pool-holcim-gold-award/20284/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2022]
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Most livable cities. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_livable_cities [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlinoffice-usa.com. (n.d.). Why Berlin? | Berlin Business Office. [online] Available at: https://www.berlinoffice-usa.com/why-berlin/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2023].
Engel & Völkers. (n.d.). These are the most liveable cities in Germany. [online] Available at: https://www.engelvoelkers.com/en/blog/company/news/these-are-the-most-liveable-cities-in-germany/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2023].
www.perplexity.ai. (n.d.). Perplexity AI. [online] Available at: https://www.perplexity.ai/?uuid=742f8124-5fa4-4b02-98d0-148ce6c41174 [Accessed 27 Jan. 2023].
Germany, A. (2018). Ranking der freundlichsten Stadt Deutschlands: München auf Platz fünf. [online] www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de. Available at: https://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/muenchen/ranking-der-freundlichsten-stadt-deutschlands-muenchen-auf-platz-fuenf-art-448722 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2022].
FOCUS online (2020). Städtereise mit Kind: Das sind die 7 kinderfreundlichsten Städte Deutschlands. [online] FOCUS online. Available at: https://www.focus.de/familie/eltern/staedtereise-mit-kind-das-sind-die-kinderfreundlichsten-staedte-deutschlands_id_11703518.html [Accessed 11 Dec. 2022].
Reason-Why.Berlin. (2022). Berlin: The Best Place to Raise Kids. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/article/berlin-the-best-place-to-raise-kids/ [Accessed 12 Mar. 2023].
Wikipedia. (2022). List of German states by Human Development Index. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_Human_Development_Index [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Human Development Index. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Wikipedia Contributors (2019). List of countries by Human Development Index. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlin-health-excellence.com. (n.d.). Medical treatment in Germany: Let Berlin take care of you. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin-health-excellence.com/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.deutschlandatlas.bund.de. (n.d.). Der Deutschlandatlas - Karten - Erreichbarkeit von Krankenhäusern der Grundversorgung. [online] Available at: https://www.deutschlandatlas.bund.de/DE/Karten/Unsere-Gesundheitsversorgung/126-PKW-Krankenhaeuser-Grundversorgung.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Newsweek (2022). World’s Best Hospitals 2022 - Top 250. [online] Newsweek. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/worlds-best-hospitals-2022 [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Berlin, C.-U. (n.d.). FOCUS 2022. [online] www.charite.de. Available at: https://www.charite.de/klinikum/themen_klinikum/focus_2022 [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlin-health-excellence.com. (n.d.). Medical treatment in Germany: Let Berlin take care of you. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin-health-excellence.com/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Safety in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/en/safety-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Numbeo.com. (2023). Crime Index by City 2023. [online] Available at: https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings.jsp [Accessed 8 Mar. 2023].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Sicher durch Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/de/sicher-durch-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Frey, G. (2003). Lassen Sie uns über Geld reden … Klaus Wowereit. Focus Money, 46, 90. www.focus.de/finanzen/boerse/aktien/moeny-talk-lassen-sie-uns-ueber-geld-reden-_aid_249988.html [Accessed 23 Nov 2015].
talent.berlin. (n.d.). Arbeitsvertrag & Gehalt in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://talent.berlin/arbeiten/gehalt-vertrag [Accessed 22 Nov. 2022].
Haerder, S.B., Max (n.d.). Wohlstandsatlas: Die Millionärshochburgen der Republik. [online] www.wiwo.de. Available at: https://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/wohlstandsatlas-das-sind-die-millionaershochburgen-der-republik/19757890.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Zawatka-Gerlach, U. (2019). Berlin entgehen jährlich Millionen an Steuereinnahmen. Der Tagesspiegel Online. [online] 22 Jul. Available at: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/trotz-immer-mehr-einkommensmillionaeren-berlin-entgehen-jaehrlich-millionen-an-steuereinnahmen/24687312.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Bombosch, F. (2021). Finanzämter verschonen Millionäre. [online] Berliner Zeitung. Available at: https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/politik-gesellschaft/finanzaemter-verschonen-einkommensmillionaere-li.157519 [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Dohms, H.-R. (2021). Volksbank-Millionäre jetzt auch in Berlin und Stuttgart. [online] Finanz-Szene.de. Available at: https://finanz-szene.de/banking/volksbank-millionaere-jetzt-auch-in-berlin-und-stuttgart/ [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Vorbringer, A. (n.d.). „In Berlin interessiert es keinen, ob du Millionär bist oder nicht“. [online] Berliner Zeitung. Available at: https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/stil-individualitaet/in-berlin-interessiert-es-keinen-ob-du-millionaer-bist-oder-nicht-li.221478#:~:text=Die%20Zahl%20der%20Einkommensmillion%C3%A4re%20in [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Statista. (n.d.). Verfügbares Einkommen privater Haushalte je Einwohner in Berlin bis 2020. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/256211/umfrage/verfuegbares-einkommen-privater-haushalte-je-einwohner-in-berlin/ [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Statistisches Bundesamt. (n.d.). Arbeitskosten im Jahr 2020: Nach wie vor starke regionale Unterschiede. [online] Available at: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2022/07/PD22_280_624.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder | Gemeinsames Statistikportal. (n.d.). Bruttomonatsverdienste im Produzierenden Gewerbe und Dienstleistungsbereich | Statistikportal.de. [online] Available at: https://www.statistikportal.de/de/bruttomonatsverdienste-im-produzierenden-gewerbe-und-dienstleistungsbereich [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder | Gemeinsames Statistikportal. (n.d.). Bruttostundenverdienste im Produzierenden Gewerbe und Dienstleistungsbereich | Statistikportal.de. [online] Available at: https://www.statistikportal.de/de/bruttostundenverdienste-im-produzierenden-gewerbe-und-dienstleistungsbereich [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
www.businesslocationcenter.de. (n.d.). Attraktive Arbeitsbedingungen für Fachkräfte in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.businesslocationcenter.de/en/information-for-new-berliners/working-in-berlin [Accessed 2 Dec. 2022].
Wissenschaftsstadt Berlin: Ein Plus nicht nur für die Professoren. (2022). Der Tagesspiegel Online. [online] Available at: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/wissenschaftsstadt-berlin-ein-plus-nicht-nur-fur-die-professoren-8930980.html [Accessed 17 Dec. 2022].
Statista. (n.d.). Sparquote der privaten Haushalte nach Bundesländern. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/255287/umfrage/sparquote-der-privaten-haushalte-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern/ [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Statistisches Bundesamt. (n.d.). Bildung in Deutschland 2020. [online] Available at: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Bildungsstand/aktuell-bildungsstand.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
update.hwwi.org. (n.d.). HWWI Update: Städteranking 2019. [online] Available at: https://update.hwwi.org/einzelseiten-ausgabe-03-2019/staedteranking-2019.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Seibel, K. (2015). HWWI-Ranking: Diese Großstädte haben die besten Zukunftsaussichten. DIE WELT. [online] 22 Oct. Available at: https://www.welt.de/finanzen/immobilien/article147926302/Diese-deutschen-Staedte-haben-die-besten-Aussichten.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2022].
Wikipedia. (2022). Trams in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Time Out Worldwide. (2019). The 48 best cities in the world in 2019. [online] Available at: https://www.timeout.com/things-to-do/best-cities-in-the-world [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
www.deutschlandatlas.bund.de. (n.d.). Der Deutschlandatlas - Karten - Erreichbarkeit des Öffentlichen Verkehrs (Haltestellen). [online] Available at: https://www.deutschlandatlas.bund.de/DE/Karten/Wie-wir-uns-bewegen/103-Erreichbarkeit-Nahverkehr-Haltestellen.htm [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.deutschlandatlas.bund.de. (n.d.). Der Deutschlandatlas - Karten - Erreichbarkeit Zentraler Orte (2 Karten). [online] Available at: https://www.deutschlandatlas.bund.de/DE/Karten/Wie-wir-uns-bewegen/106-PKW-Zentraler-Orte.html [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Earth.org. (2021). The World’s 10 Greenest Cities in 2021. [online] Available at: https://earth.org/the-worlds-greenest-cities-in-2021/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2022].
Reason-Why.Berlin. (n.d.). Berlin is bicycle friendly. [online] Available at: https://reason-why.berlin/article/bestfootforward/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
berlin.de. (n.d.). Cafés in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/cafes/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.visitberlin.de. (n.d.). Parks & Gärten in Berlin. [online] Available at: https://www.visitberlin.de/de/parks-gaerten-berlin [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
www.berlin.de. (2020). Zahlen und Fakten. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/zahlen-und-fakten/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Statista. (n.d.). Unternehmen in Berlin bis 2020. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/592547/umfrage/anzahl-der-unternehmen-in-berlin/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
berlin.de. (n.d.). Museumsführer. [online] Available at: https://www.berlin.de/museum/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Statista. (n.d.). Anzahl der Sportvereine in Berlin bis 2021. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/12314/umfrage/anzahl-der-sportvereine-in-berlin/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Statista Infographics. (n.d.). Infographic: Low cost of living makes Berlin an attractive option. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/chart/16011/berlin-is-still-an-affordable-city/ [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Feurer, S. (2021). Hohe Mietpreise: Das sind die teuersten Städte Deutschlands. [online] CHIP 365. Available at: https://www.chip.de/news/Hohe-Mietpreise-Das-sind-die-teuersten-Staedte-Deutschlands_183537708.html [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
Statista. (2022). Teuerste Städte in Deutschland nach Mieten 2022. [online] Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1885/umfrage/mietpreise-in-den-groessten-staedten-deutschlands/ [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
www.haus.de. (n.d.). Die 10 teuersten Städte Deutschlands 2020. [online] Available at: https://www.haus.de/geld-recht/teuerste-stadt-deutschland-29992 [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
Numbeo.com. (2022). Cost of Living Index by City 2022 Mid-Year. [online] Available at: https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/rankings.jsp [Accessed 15 Jul. 2022].
www.numbeo.com. (n.d.). Cost of Living Comparison Between Copenhagen, Denmark And Berlin, Germany. [online] Available at: https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/compare_cities.jsp?country1=Denmark&country2=Germany&city1=Copenhagen&city2=Berlin&tracking=getDispatchComparison [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
Time Out Worldwide. (2019). The 48 best cities in the world in 2019. [online] Available at: https://www.timeout.com/things-to-do/best-cities-in-the-world [Accessed 2 Aug. 2022].
www.youtube.com. (n.d.). 10 Tips For Ambitious People in Their Twenties (From a Successful Entrepreneur). [online] Available at: https://youtu.be/YDIc4egi36A?t=37 [Accessed 25 Jul. 2022].
Sciencedirect.com. (2014). Selection Bias - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. [online] Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/selection-bias [Accessed 16 Jun. 2022].
potential inaccuracies might result from aspects like lower quality sources or skewed data due to Berlin itself being a city as well as a small federal state